The impact of mobile money interoperability on financial inclusion
Please complete the form below or register for a free public account to access this report.
Interoperability has taken on an increased focus in mobile money markets, as it now exists in around half of the 100 countries that have at least one mobile money service. Initially, mobile money interoperability was market-led. However, in recent years, governments have been more proactive in driving interoperability, in some cases imposing mandatory requirements. There has been plenty of literature setting out the different approaches to implementing interoperability for mobile money, but little evidence exists on its impact on outcomes such as financial inclusion.
This report assesses the impact of mobile money interoperability by considering the economic literature on interoperability more generally and utilising a case study approach in five mobile money countries: Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda and Tanzania. In each market, we assess how mobile money adoption and usage evolved after different interoperability solutions took effect.
Download the Report
Complete the form below to get instant access to this report. For easier access in the future, you can register for a free account here.
Related research
Design matters: how interoperability models impact financial inclusion and competition
This report evaluates the impact of mobile money interoperability on adoption, usage and competition. With interoperability now present in more than 90 markets, the study moves beyond binary classifications to assess how different policy models – market-led, regulator-led and voluntary – affect outcomes.
Promoting DFS adoption among underserved market segments
This report explores how digital financial services (DFS) are reshaping access to finance in low- and middle-income countries, particularly for underserved individuals and nano, micro and small enterprises. Despite significant progress – driven by innovations such as mobile money – 1.4 billion people remain unbanked, with women, rural communities and less educated groups most affected.
The State of Mobile Internet Connectivity 2025: Affordability of Internet-Enabled Handsets and Data
The final report in this series explores how affordability of entry-level, internet-enabled handsets and various data bundles have changed over time, and how affordability impacts different segments of the population.
Authors
How to access this report
Annual subscription: Subscribe to our research modules for comprehensive access to more than 200 reports per year.
Enquire about subscriptionContact our research team
Get in touch with us to find out more about our research topics and analysis.
Contact our research teamMedia
To cite our research, please see our citation policy in our Terms of Use, or contact our Media team for more information.
Learn moreRelated research
Design matters: how interoperability models impact financial inclusion and competition
This report evaluates the impact of mobile money interoperability on adoption, usage and competition. With interoperability now present in more than 90 markets, the study moves beyond binary classifications to assess how different policy models – market-led, regulator-led and voluntary – affect outcomes.
Promoting DFS adoption among underserved market segments
This report explores how digital financial services (DFS) are reshaping access to finance in low- and middle-income countries, particularly for underserved individuals and nano, micro and small enterprises. Despite significant progress – driven by innovations such as mobile money – 1.4 billion people remain unbanked, with women, rural communities and less educated groups most affected.
The State of Mobile Internet Connectivity 2025: Affordability of Internet-Enabled Handsets and Data
The final report in this series explores how affordability of entry-level, internet-enabled handsets and various data bundles have changed over time, and how affordability impacts different segments of the population.
- 200 reports a year
- 50 million data points
- Over 350 metrics